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(No Model.) j l 2 Sheets-Sheet .1.' J. BENDER.

BAKERSOVBN. 110.259,795. .Patented June 20,/1882.

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(No Model.) 2`sneets-sneet 2. J.BENDI:R. BAKERS OVEN. 110.259.795. Pafenmd June 20, 1882.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOHN BENDER, OF BUFFALO, NEW YORK.

BAKERS OVEN.

SPECIFICATION. forming part ofLetters Patent No. 259,795, dated .Tune 20, 1882. Application tiled April 12, 1882. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern: f

Be it known that I, JOHN BENDER, of the city of Buffalo, in the county of Erie and State of New York, have invented new and useful Improvements in Bakers Ovens, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to animprovement in I that class of bakers ovens in which the fire is placed directly in the oven proper, and has for its object to effect a uniform hea-tin g of the oven in a simple manner and at comparatively small expense.

My invention consists of the novel construction of the oven, as hereinafter fully set forth.

In the accompanying drawings, consisting of two sheets, Figure l is a horizontal vertical section of my improved oven. Fig. 2 is a horizontal section in line x a', Fig. 1. Fig. 3 isa cross-section in line 'y y, Fig. 1, looking forward. Fig. 4 is a'front elevation with a portion of the front wall of the chimney broken away to show the dampers of the fines.

Like letters of reference refer to like parts in the several figures.

A represents the foundation-walls; B, the arch which supports the oven O D the iioor, E the side walls, F the front wall, and G the rear wall, of the oven proper 5 and H the chimney. A

I represents the oven-door, which closes an opening, i, arranged centrally in the front Wall, F, of the oven, and i is a plate hung in the openingi to confine the heat in the oven when the door is opened.

K K are two grates, arranged ou opposite .sides of the opening t', near the front wall, F,

in line with the floor D of theoven, or thereabout, as clearly shown.

k k are ash-pits arranged underneath the grates K and provided with doors k. -The grates K are supported on pivots Z, or in any other suitable manner, so that the burning coal resting on the grates can be readily dumped into the ash-pits when desired.

m represents three iiues, one arranged centrally and one in each corner of the oven, and

all rising along the rear Wall, G, a short distance, and running thence forwardly to the chimney.

' n represents sliding or other adjustable dampers, arranged at the front ends of the iues m, where -they enter the chimney. The lower end of the chimney-flue opens into the open space in front of the door I, in the usual manner, and is provided with a slidingdamper,

o, whereby the lower end of the chimney can he opened or closed, as desired. The dampers n are arranged near the lower end of the chimney, so that they can be reached and adjusted when the dampero is open. After the coal has Vbeen placed upon the grates K through. the opening t' and ignited the doors I and the damper o are closed andthe doors la and the dampers n are opened. The hot gases pass through the oven from both grates rearwardly and escape through the iin es 'm to the chimney H. The arrangement of the grates K near the side and front Walls of the oven and of the central and side lues, m, at the rear end of the oven distributes the heat uniformly over the entire width of the oven, and this distribution can be further regulated by adjusting flame, but does not become overheated, as it y does when the fuel is burned directly on the floor of the oven, and the necessity of using large qiantities of water to cool the overheated iioor is thereby avoided.

Bituminous or soft coal can be advantageously burned on the grates K, and the oven is thereby heated at much less cost than when Wood is employed. When the oven has been properly heated the coal resting on the grates K is dumped into the ash-pits k, the dampers n and doors 7c are closed to confine .the heat, the damper o is opened, and, after properly cleaning the oven, thearticles to be baked are placed in the same through the opening c' in the usual manner. The steam and gases produced by the dough in the oven are confined inthe same, whereby a tine glossy surface is produced on the bread.

I claim as my invention- The combination, with the oven O, provided with a front opening', i, having a door, I, of grates K K, arranged in the iioor of the oven on opposite sides of the opening i, and provided with ash-pits la, having doors la', dues m, provided with dampers n, and a chimney, H, having a damper, o, substantially as set forth.

JOHN BENDER.

Witnesses JN0. J. BONNEE, s Guns. F. GEYER.

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